Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent (Formula presented) Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

CMS Collaboration

doi:10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent (Formula presented) Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

CMS Collaboration

Institute of Chemical Physics

A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Yerevan State University
Austrian Academy of Sciences
TU Wien
University of Antwerp
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Ghent University
Université libre de Bruxelles
Université catholique de Louvain
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Faculdades de Campinas
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Universidad de Tarapacá
Beihang University
Tsinghua University
CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
China Spallation Neutron Source
Peking University
South China Normal University
Sun Yat-Sen University
University of Science and Technology of China
Nanjing Normal University
Henan Normal University
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
University of Iowa
Fudan University
Zhejiang University
Universidad de los Andes Colombia
Universidad de Antioquia
University of Split
Ruder Boskovic Institute
CERN
University of Cyprus
Charles University
Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
Helwan University
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The British University in Egypt
Al-Fayoum University
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
University of Helsinki
Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology
Université Paris-Saclay
Purdue University
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
Université de Strasbourg
Université de Haute-Alsace
CNRS/IN2P3
Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
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Georgian Technical University
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
RWTH Aachen University
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
German Electron Synchrotron
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Brandenburg University of Technology
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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Wigner Research Centre for Physics
Institute for Nuclear Research
Babes-Bolyai University
Eotvos Lorand University
Assiut University
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Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences
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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
University of Hyderabad
Isfahan University of Technology
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Institute for Research for Fundamental Sciences
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran
Arak University
University College Dublin
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
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Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile
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University of Florence
Guglielmo Marconi University
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University of Milan - Bicocca
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Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla
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University of Canterbury
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AGH University of Krakow
National Centre for Nuclear Research
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Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas
University of Belgrade
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Eastern University, Sri Lanka
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Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Incoherent (Formula presented) photoproduction in heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) provides a sensitive probe of localized, fluctuating gluonic structures within heavy nuclei. This Letter reports the first measurement of the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ((Formula presented)) dependence of this process in PbPb UPCs at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, using (Formula presented) of data recorded by the CMS experiment. The measurement covers a wide (Formula presented) range of (Formula presented), probing gluons carrying a fraction (Formula presented) of nucleon momentum down to an unexplored regime of (Formula presented). Compared to baseline predictions neglecting nuclear effects, the measured cross sections exhibit significantly greater suppression at lower (Formula presented). Additionally, the ratio of incoherent to coherent photoproduction is found to be constant across the probed (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) range, disfavoring the establishment of the black disk limit. This Letter provides critical insights into the (Formula presented)-dependent evolution of fluctuating gluonic structures within nuclei and calls for further advancements in theoretical models incorporating nuclear shadowing and gluon saturation.

Original language	English
Article number	112301
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	135
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/w9kp-f8xr
Publication status	Published - 12 Sept 2025

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10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

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@article{50c1db0dbef04799883661fd5350bfe6,

title = "Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent (Formula presented) Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions",

abstract = "Incoherent (Formula presented) photoproduction in heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) provides a sensitive probe of localized, fluctuating gluonic structures within heavy nuclei. This Letter reports the first measurement of the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ((Formula presented)) dependence of this process in PbPb UPCs at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, using (Formula presented) of data recorded by the CMS experiment. The measurement covers a wide (Formula presented) range of (Formula presented), probing gluons carrying a fraction (Formula presented) of nucleon momentum down to an unexplored regime of (Formula presented). Compared to baseline predictions neglecting nuclear effects, the measured cross sections exhibit significantly greater suppression at lower (Formula presented). Additionally, the ratio of incoherent to coherent photoproduction is found to be constant across the probed (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) range, disfavoring the establishment of the black disk limit. This Letter provides critical insights into the (Formula presented)-dependent evolution of fluctuating gluonic structures within nuclei and calls for further advancements in theoretical models incorporating nuclear shadowing and gluon saturation.",

author = "\{CMS Collaboration\} and V. Chekhovsky and A. Hayrapetyan and V. Makarenko and A. Tumasyan and W. Adam and Andrejkovic, \{J. W.\} and L. Benato and T. Bergauer and S. Chatterjee and K. Damanakis and M. Dragicevic and Hussain, \{P. S.\} and M. Jeitler and N. Krammer and A. Li and D. Liko and I. Mikulec and J. Schieck and R. Sch{\"o}fbeck and D. Schwarz and M. Sonawane and W. Waltenberger and Wulz, \{C. E.\} and T. Janssen and H. Kwon and \{Van Laer\}, T. and \{Van Mechelen\}, P. and N. Breugelmans and J. D{\textquoteright}Hondt and S. Dansana and \{De Moor\}, A. and M. Delcourt and F. Heyen and Y. Hong and S. Lowette and I. Makarenko and D. M{\"u}ller and S. Tavernier and M. Tytgat and \{Van Onsem\}, \{G. P.\} and \{Van Putte\}, S. and D. Vannerom and B. Bilin and B. Clerbaux and Das, \{A. K.\} and \{De Bruyn\}, I. and \{De Lentdecker\}, G. and H. Evard and L. Favart and Strautnieks, \{N. R.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration.",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1103/w9kp-f8xr",

language = "English",

volume = "135",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

number = "11",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent (Formula presented) Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

AU - CMS Collaboration

AU - Chekhovsky, V.

AU - Hayrapetyan, A.

AU - Makarenko, V.

AU - Tumasyan, A.

AU - Adam, W.

AU - Andrejkovic, J. W.

AU - Benato, L.

AU - Bergauer, T.

AU - Chatterjee, S.

AU - Damanakis, K.

AU - Dragicevic, M.

AU - Hussain, P. S.

AU - Jeitler, M.

AU - Krammer, N.

AU - Li, A.

AU - Liko, D.

AU - Mikulec, I.

AU - Schieck, J.

AU - Schöfbeck, R.

AU - Schwarz, D.

AU - Sonawane, M.

AU - Waltenberger, W.

AU - Wulz, C. E.

AU - Janssen, T.

AU - Kwon, H.

AU - Van Laer, T.

AU - Van Mechelen, P.

AU - Breugelmans, N.

AU - D’Hondt, J.

AU - Dansana, S.

AU - De Moor, A.

AU - Delcourt, M.

AU - Heyen, F.

AU - Hong, Y.

AU - Lowette, S.

AU - Makarenko, I.

AU - Müller, D.

AU - Tavernier, S.

AU - Tytgat, M.

AU - Van Onsem, G. P.

AU - Van Putte, S.

AU - Vannerom, D.

AU - Bilin, B.

AU - Clerbaux, B.

AU - Das, A. K.

AU - De Bruyn, I.

AU - De Lentdecker, G.

AU - Evard, H.

AU - Favart, L.

AU - Strautnieks, N. R.

PY - 2025/9/12

Y1 - 2025/9/12

N2 - Incoherent (Formula presented) photoproduction in heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) provides a sensitive probe of localized, fluctuating gluonic structures within heavy nuclei. This Letter reports the first measurement of the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ((Formula presented)) dependence of this process in PbPb UPCs at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, using (Formula presented) of data recorded by the CMS experiment. The measurement covers a wide (Formula presented) range of (Formula presented), probing gluons carrying a fraction (Formula presented) of nucleon momentum down to an unexplored regime of (Formula presented). Compared to baseline predictions neglecting nuclear effects, the measured cross sections exhibit significantly greater suppression at lower (Formula presented). Additionally, the ratio of incoherent to coherent photoproduction is found to be constant across the probed (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) range, disfavoring the establishment of the black disk limit. This Letter provides critical insights into the (Formula presented)-dependent evolution of fluctuating gluonic structures within nuclei and calls for further advancements in theoretical models incorporating nuclear shadowing and gluon saturation.

AB - Incoherent (Formula presented) photoproduction in heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) provides a sensitive probe of localized, fluctuating gluonic structures within heavy nuclei. This Letter reports the first measurement of the photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ((Formula presented)) dependence of this process in PbPb UPCs at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, using (Formula presented) of data recorded by the CMS experiment. The measurement covers a wide (Formula presented) range of (Formula presented), probing gluons carrying a fraction (Formula presented) of nucleon momentum down to an unexplored regime of (Formula presented). Compared to baseline predictions neglecting nuclear effects, the measured cross sections exhibit significantly greater suppression at lower (Formula presented). Additionally, the ratio of incoherent to coherent photoproduction is found to be constant across the probed (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) range, disfavoring the establishment of the black disk limit. This Letter provides critical insights into the (Formula presented)-dependent evolution of fluctuating gluonic structures within nuclei and calls for further advancements in theoretical models incorporating nuclear shadowing and gluon saturation.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105017417062

U2 - 10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

DO - 10.1103/w9kp-f8xr

M3 - Article

C2 - 41004769

AN - SCOPUS:105017417062

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 135

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 11

M1 - 112301

ER -

Probing Gluon Fluctuations in Nuclei with the First Energy-Dependent Measurement of Incoherent (Formula presented) Photoproduction in Ultraperipheral PbPb Collisions

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