Electroreduction of oxygen on Pt nanoparticle/carbon nanotube nanocomposites in acid and alkaline solutions

The kinetics of O₂ reduction on novel electrocatalyst materials deposited on carbon substrates were studied in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and in 0.1 M NaOH solutions using the rotating disk electrode (RDE) technique. Pt nanoparticles (PtNP) supported on single-walled (PtNP/SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PtNP/MWCNT) were prepared using two different synthetic routes. Before use, the CNTs were cleaned to minimize the presence of metal impurities coming from the catalyst used in the synthesis of this material, which can interfere in the electrochemical response of the supported Pt nanoparticles. The composite catalyst samples were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing a good dispersion of the particles at the surface of the carbon support and an average Pt particle size of 2.4 ± 0.7 nm in the case of Pt/CNTs prepared in the presence of citrate and of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm for Pt/CNTs prepared in microemulsion. The values of specific activity (SA) and other kinetic parameters were determined from the Tafel plots taking into account the real electroactive area of each electrode. The electrodes exhibited a relatively high electrocatalytic activity for the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction to water.