"Izloksnē runā... Zeme”: Martins Heidegers un valodas būtība dialektos un izloksnēs

Martin Heidegger sought to look beyond the way in which language has been thematized since the beginning of European philosophy, particularly the way in which modern language has been sought in modern metaphysical systems to overcome the limitations of individual languages and dialects. Heidegger wanted to show that the search for a universal language is confined to a certain understanding of human nature, truth, and the world whose language is to be “expressed,” and that these searches are guided by metaphysical presuppositions about the very essence of language. He emphasized that the essence of every language is not only to name and show (also uncoveredness), but also to keep it unconcealed, just as it has a time and a place where it is spoken. Unconcealment is part of the truth. The understanding of language in metaphysics as a universal means of communication focuses on the truth as the direct correspondence of thing and language (words denote things), which is also universal and objective — time and place are secondary. In the course of European metaphysics, a view of the world has emerged in which, behind diverse phenomena, one must look for a single, universal rational scheme encompassing all things and processes, which must then be expressed in one universal, streamlined, and tightly arranged language. In the course of his thought, M. Heidegger tried to destroy this view, i.e. to tear it down to its foundations and to look at the world and language differently. His efforts are also evident in reference to dialects and accents, which he addresses in his later works. This article draws attention to Heidegger’s examinations of dialects and accents, which are supplemented by his statements about art, truth, pre-Socratic thinkers, and the essence of language. The second part of the article asks about Heidegger’s views on language analogues ( J. G. Hamann, the Romanticism).