Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ red phosphors: Synthesis, luminescence and applications in WLEDs. A review

Transition-metal activated phosphors are an important family of luminescent materials that can produce white light with an outstanding color rendering index and correlated color temperature for use in light-emitting diodes. In recent years, work in this quite "hot" research field has focused on the development of Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ activated red phosphors. In this review article, we provide an overview of recent studies on Mn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ doped phosphors, including detailed synthesis routes (solid-state reaction and wet-chemical synthesis) and description of luminescence mechanisms and phosphors' behaviors; discuss their promising applications in white light-emitting diodes; and present an extensive list of references to representative works in this field.