Mycotoxins in cereals and pulses harvested in Latvia by nanoLC-Orbitrap MS

Twenty-seven mycotoxins in unprocessed cereals (n = 110) and pulses (n = 23) harvested in Latvia were analysed by nanoflow liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. One or more mycotoxins were found in 99% of the cereals and 78% of the pulses. Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 and HT-2 toxins were prevalent in 9 to 86% of the cereals, mostly below their maximum levels as set by the European regulations. Non-regulated type A and B trichothecenes were prevalent in 5 to 87% of the cereals, at concentrations of 0.27–83 µg kg⁻¹ and 1.7–4,781 µg kg⁻¹, respectively. Quantification of emerging mycotoxins was also provided. Enniatins were detected in 94% of the cereals (3.5–2,073 µg kg⁻¹) and 13% of the pulses (4.4–17 µg kg⁻¹). Alternaria toxins were prevalent in 94% of the cereals at concentrations of 0.72–307 µg kg⁻¹ and in 39% of the pulses at 0.69–10 µg kg⁻¹.