Permanent magnet bottom-stirred swirling flow in coaxial shallow cylindrical containers

Here, an original rotating permanent magnet (RPM) system placed coaxially with the liquid metal container is studied as an effective means of generating flow in shallow cylinders for potential application in aluminum metallurgy (e.g., for ladle stirring and metal dosing). The studied RPM system generates volume force with strong axial variation and force maximum near the radial midpoint. The numerical and experimental data show that, in the shallow cylinder case, the azimuthal velocity follows the force radial distribution. The resulting velocity maximum occurs near the radial midpoint, unlike in the traditional rotating magnetic field (RMF) stirrer systems, where the velocity maximum occurs near the outer radius. An analytical description is developed to explain the velocity radial distribution. The numerically calculated velocity distribution shows a peculiar result that the bottom-stirred liquid metal container results in peak angular momentum at the top of the container. The solution to asymptotic boundary layer equations shows that this is due to the force axial variation.