Spatiotemporal Analysis of Zinc Contamination in Snow Water and Associated Environmental Risks in Jelgava, Latvia

Urbanization and increasing traffic intensity contribute significantly to heavy metal pollution in urban environments, posing potential risks to public health and ecosystems. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of zinc concentrations in snow water within Jelgava, Latvia, from 2020 to 2024. A total of 59 sampling sites in Jelgava and an additional site in Mezciems were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine zinc concentrations and identify potential pollution sources. The results indicate substantial fluctuations in zinc levels over the study period, with peak concentrations recorded near high-traffic zones and residential areas. The highest measured zinc concentration (312.81 µg/L in 2024) suggests the influence of localized anthropogenic sources, including traffic emissions, domestic heating, and industrial activities. These findings emphasize the necessity of continuous environmental monitoring and targeted pollution mitigation strategies. The study provides valuable insights for urban planning and sustainable environmental management, contributing to improved policies for reducing heavy metal contamination in urban snowmelt and stormwater systems.