Stress-Induced Grain Refinement in Hard Magnetic Mn₅₂Al₄₅.₇C₂.₃ Fabricated Using the Ball-Milling Method

Mn₅₂Al₄₅.₇C₂.₃ flakes with different sizes were prepared with two distinct surfactant-assisted ball-milling methods using cylindrical and barrel containers. Different microstructure and magnetic properties were measured based on the sequence of the container shape and different ball-milling times (2, 5, and 10 h). Morphology investigations showed that for powders milled in a barrel container, the amount of τ-phase was more compared to the samples milled in a cylindrical container. Moreover, in the powders milled with barrel containers, considerably higher magnetic properties were obtained in terms of saturation magnetization (M_s) and remanent magnetization (M_r) compared to those powders milled with cylindrical containers. Magnetic properties were found to be a function of the ball-milling time. High remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization have been found for powders milled in barrel containers, whereas only mediocre remanent magnetization and saturation magnetization have been measured in the case of milling in cylindrical containers. The highest M_s = 52.49 emu g⁻¹ and M_r = 24.10 emu g⁻¹ were obtained for the powders milled in barrel containers for 2 h. The higher magnetic properties taken from the milling in barrel containers is due to the higher shear stress and more uniform strain distribution induced by the barrel configuration, resulting in the stable τ-phase at a reasonably low-strain microstructure.